Review Articles On Pharmacology

 Pharmacology may be a branch of drugs and pharmaceutical sciences which cares with the study of drug or medication action, where a drug are often broadly or narrowly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous (from within the body) molecule which exerts a biochemical or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism (sometimes the word pharmacon is used as a term to encompass these endogenous and exogenous bioactive species). More specifically, it is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function. If substances have medicinal properties, they're considered pharmaceuticals. The field encompasses drug composition and properties, synthesis and drug design, molecular and cellular mechanisms, organ/systems mechanisms, signal transduction/cellular communication, molecular diagnostics, interactions, chemical biology, therapy, and medical applications and antipathogenic capabilities. The two main areas of pharmacology are pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Pharmacodynamics studies the consequences of a drug on biological systems, and pharmacokinetics studies the consequences of biological systems on a drug. In broad terms, pharmacodynamics discusses the chemicals with biological receptors, and pharmacokinetics discusses the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of chemicals from the biological systems. Pharmacology isn't synonymous with pharmacy and therefore the two terms are frequently confused. Pharmacology, a bioscience, deals with the research, discovery, and characterization of chemicals which show biological effects and thus the elucidation of cellular and organismal function in reference to these chemicals. In contrast, pharmacy, a health services profession, cares with the appliance of the principles learned from pharmacology in its clinical settings; whether it's during a dispensing or clinical care role. In either field, the primary contrast between the two is their distinctions between direct-patient care, pharmacy practice, and thus the science-oriented research field, driven by pharmacology.