ISSN: 1755-5191

Imaging in Medicine

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 The normative framework that I have referred to is neither ahistorical nor decontextualised. An ethics in the sciences that aims at integrating the humanities, mostly historical, social and cultural studies, needs to reflect upon the location from where its analyses start. Ethicists are moral agents, and as such, they enter their studies with convictions, interests and goals that need to be justified in the same way as the convictions, interests and goals of researchers or any other agents. However, the role of ethics is ‘reflective’: it reflects upon the basic structures of moral reasoning, critically checks arguments and judgements according to consistency, coherence and adequacy, and aims to justify moral claims in view of normative theories. Democratic societies consider themselves as ‘open societies’, based upon tolerance towards pluralistic value traditions. The role of the state is complex, and it is far from clear how ethical communication is best organised.14 To explore the views of citizens, the European Union, for example, regularly issues polls such as the Eurobarometer asking about the opinions on new technologies. These, however, cannot overcome the lack of information about the new technologies that is almost always the finding of such polls. Many societies therefore promote public discourse, consultation and hearings, and media take up the task to mediate between science and society. Again, ethics plays an important, albeit not central, role in this communication process. It must listen to as many considerations as possible to gain an understanding of the different values or concerns that are being raised.  

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