Lipoprotein-lipase Review

 This enzyme is found primarily on the surface of cells that line tiny blood vessels (capillaries) within muscles and in fatty (adipose) tissue. Lipoprotein lipase plays a critical role in breaking down fat in the form of triglycerides, which are carried from various organs to the blood by molecules called lipoproteins. LPL isozymes are regulated differently depending on the tissue. For example, insulin is known to activate LPL in adipocytes and its placement in the capillary endothelium. By contrast, insulin has been shown to decrease expression of muscle LPL. Muscle and myocardial LPL is instead activated by glucagon and adrenaline. In addition to facilitating glucose uptake by cells, insulin also affects triglyceride metabolism. The effect of insulin on adipocytes is to stimulate them to produce and secrete lipoprotein lipase. ... Overall this encourages triglyceride storage in adipose tissue rather than oxidation in muscles. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a multifunctional enzyme produced by many tissues, including adipose tissue, cardiac and skeletal muscle, islets, and macrophages. ... Ultimately, this leads to increased lipid partitioning to other tissues, insulin resistance, and obesity. Lipoprotein lipase deficiency leads to hypertriglyceridemia (elevated levels of triglycerides in the bloodstream). In mice, overexpression of LPL has been shown to cause insulin resistance, and to promote obesity. ... Thus, elevated levels of LPL mRNA or protein are considered to be indicators of poor prognosis  

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