Research on Chronic Diseases

HIV Peer Review:

 HIV infects vibrant cells in the human immune system, such as helper T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. HIV infection leads to low levels of CD4+ T cells through a number of mechanisms, containing pyroptosis of abortively infected T cells, apoptosis of uninfected bystander cells, direct viral killing of infected cells, and killing of diseased CD4+ T cells by CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes that recognize infected cells. When CD4+ T cell numbers drop below a critical level, cell-mediated immunity is lost, and the body becomes gradually more susceptible to opportunistic infections, prominent to the development of AIDS. Structure: HIV is dissimilar in structure from other retroviruses. It is unevenly spherical with a diameter of about 120 nm, around 60 times lesser than a red blood cell. It consists of two copies of positive-sense single-stranded RNA that codes for the virus's nine genes surrounded by a conical capsid composed of 2,000 copies of the viral protein p24. The single-stranded RNA is firmly bound to nucleocapsid proteins, p7, and enzymes required for the growth of the virion such as reverse transcriptase, ribonuclease, proteases,  and integrase. A matrix composed of the viral protein p17 surrounds the capsid safeguarding the integrity of the virion particle. By then, the invulnerable framework is too frail to even think about fighting off different illnesses and diseases. Untreated, future with AIDS is around three yearsTrusted Source. With antiretroviral treatment, HIV can be very much controlled and future can be almost equivalent to somebody who has not contracted HIV. It's evaluated that 1.1 million Americans are right now living with HIV. Of those individuals, 1 out of 5 don't realize they have the infection. HIV can cause changes all through the body. Find out about the impacts of HIV on the various frameworks in the body.

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