Neuroscience and Psychiatry: Open Access

Greenhouse Gas

 A greenhouse emission (GHG) may be a gas that absorbs and emits energy within the thermal infrared range. Greenhouse gases cause the greenhouse effect on planets. The primary greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are water vapour (H2O), CO2 (CO2), methane (CH4), laughing gas (N2O), and ozone (O3). Without greenhouse gases, the typical temperature of surface would be about −18 °C (0 °F), instead of this average of 15°C (59 °F).The atmospheres of Venus, Mars and Titan also contain greenhouse gases. Human activities since the start of the economic Revolution (around 1750) have produced a forty five increase within the atmospheric concentration of CO2 , from 280 ppm in 1750 to 415 ppm in 2019.The last time the atmospheric concentration of CO2 was this high was over 3 million years ago. This increase has occurred despite the uptake of quite half the emissions by various natural sinks involved within the carbon cycle. The overwhelming majority of anthropogenic CO2 emissions of fossil fuels come from combustion, principally coal, oil, and gas, with additional contributions coming from deforestation, changes in land use, erosion and agriculture (including livestock). The leading source of animal agriculture is anthropogenic methane emissions, followed by fugitive emissions from oil, gas, coal and other industry, wastewater, solid waste and rice production.  

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