ISSN: 2048-9145

Pharmaceutical Bioprocessing

G-quadruplex

 In molecular biology, G-quadruplex secondary structures (G4) are formed in nucleic acids by sequences that are more in guanine. They are helical in shape and consists guanine tetrads that can configure from one, two or four strands. The unimolecular forms often occur naturally near the ends of the chromosomes, better known as the telomeric regions, and in transcriptional regulatory zones of multiple genes, both in microbes and across vertebrates  including oncogenes in humans. Four guanine bases can associate through Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding to configure a square planar structure called a guanine tetrad (G-tetrad or G-quartet), and two or more guanine tetrads (from G-tracts, continuous runs of guanine) can heap on top of each other to form a G-quadruple. The placement and connection to form G-quadruplexes is not random and serve very unusual functional purposes. G-quadruplex, assembled from a square array of guanine (G) molecules, is an important structure with essential biological roles in vivo however additionally a flexible template for ordered useful substances. Although the information of G-quadruplex structures is the focus of severa research, little is understood concerning the manage of G-quartet stacking modes and the spontaneous orientation of G-quadruplex fibrils. Here, the consequences of various steel ions and their concentrations on stacking modes of G-quartets are elucidated. Monovalent cations (usually K+) facilitate the formation of G-quadruplex hydrogels with each heteropolar and homopolar stacking modes, showing vulnerable mechanical electricity. In assessment, divalent metal ions (Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+) at given concentrations can manipulate G-quartet stacking modes and growth the mechanical stress of the resulting hydrogels through ionic bridge results among divalent ions and borate.

High Impact List of Articles

Relevant Topics in Clinical