Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Journals

This review focuses on recent developments within the diagnosis, treatment, management, and methods for the prevention and control of Old World leishmaniasis (CL) caused by both Old and New World Leishmania species. CL is caused by the vector-borne protozoan parasite Leishmania and is transmitted via infected female sandflies. The disease is endemic in additional than 98 countries and an estimated 350 million people are in danger . The overall prevalence is 12 million cases and the annual incidence is 2–2.5 million. The World Health Organization considers CL a severely neglected disease and a category 1 emerging and uncontrolled disease. The management of CL differs from region to region and is based on local experience-based evidence. Most CL patients are often treated with topical treatments, but some Leishmania species can cause mucocutaneous involvement requiring a systemic therapeutic approach. Moreover, Leishmania species can vary in their sensitivity to available therapeutic options. This makes species determination critical for the selection of treatment and therefore the clinical outcome of CL. Identification of the infecting parasite wont to be laborious, but now the Leishmania species are often identified relatively easy with new DNA techniques that enable a more rational therapy choice. Current treatment guidelines for CL are supported poorly designed and reported trials. There is a scarcity of evidence for potentially beneficial treatments, a desperate need for giant well-conducted studies, and standardization of future trials. Moreover, intensified research programs to enhance vector control, diagnostics, and therefore the therapeutic arsenal to contain further incidence and morbidity are needed.