ISSN: 1755-5191

Imaging in Medicine

Biotransformation Innovations New Paper

 Biotransformation means chemical alteration of chemicals such as nutrients, amino acids, toxins, and drugs in the body. It is also needed to render non-polar compounds polar so that they are not reabsorbed in renal tubules and are excreted. Biotransformation is the process by which a substance changes from one chemical to another (transformed) by a chemical reaction within the body. Metabolism or metabolic transformations are terms frequently used for the biotransformation process. Drug biotransformation or metabolism principally occurs in the liver, kidney, skin, and GI tract. In the liver, biotransformation involves hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, or demethylation and conjugation of the metabolite with glycine, glucuronide, sulfate, or hippurate with subsequent secretion into the bile. In short, "metabolism of drugs" is a form of biotransformation which happens to drugs in a body, whereas "biotransformation" is a more general term which applies equally well to the actions of a disembodied enzyme digesting an oil slick. Types of biotransformation reactions. Different types of chemical reactions occur during biotransformations, such as oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, condensation, isomerization, formation of new C–C bonds, production of chiral compounds and reversal of hydrolytic reaction. Drug biotransformation or metabolism principally occurs in the liver, kidney, skin, and GI tract. In the liver, biotransformation involves hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, or demethylation and conjugation of the metabolite with glycine, glucuronide, sulfate, or hippurate with subsequent secretion into the bile  

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