ISSN: 1758-1907

Diabetes Management

Top Pharmacogenomics Reviews

Proteomics essentially is a sub discipline of Functional Genomics that measures the qualitative and quantitative changes in protein content of a cell or tissue in esponse to treatment or disease and determines protein ligand interactions. As a complementary approach to mRNA expression technologies, proteomics increasingly is being applied to drug discovery efforts. The pharmaceutical industry has expressed significant interest in proteomics, with the expectation that this technology will lead to the identification and validation of protein targets and, ultimately to the discovery and development of viable drug candidates. Most proteomic tools are new and rapidly developing. Since each expressed protein is unique and the final protein product usually is the result of multiple post-translational processing events, wide-ranging approaches and techniques are necessary to detect, quantify, and identify individual proteins and to elucidate protein activities, protein–protein interactions, etc. Unlike the situation for DNA/RNA where the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used to amplify very small amounts of material, there is no comparable methodology to amplify proteins. Consequently, protein analysis often is sample-limited, and advances in proteomic research are driven by new analytical technologies and/or increases in the sensitivities of existing measurement capabilities. This review will briefly address several of the various technologies that comprise the proteomics ‘arsenal’ and provide examples where each has been applied to pharmacology, toxicology, and/or drug development. Numerous excellent reviews covering the field have been published in this article; we will not attempt to cover the earlier literature but instead will concentrate on reviewing significant developments and applications published within the last few years.  

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