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Mutation Innovations

Mutation is an alteration within the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA. Viral genomes may be of either DNA or RNA. Mutations result from errors during DNA replication, mitosis, and meiosis or other varieties of damage to DNA (such as pyrimidine dimers which will be caused by exposure to radiation or carcinogens), which then may undergo error-prone repair or cause a mistake during other styles of repair instead may cause a mistake during replication (translesion synthesis). Mutations may additionally result from insertion or deletion of segments of DNA thanks to mobile genetic elements. Mutations may or might not produce discernible changes within the observable characteristics (phenotype) of an organism. Mutations play an element in both normal and abnormal biological processes      

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