Neuroscience and Psychiatry: Open Access

Ischemia Reperfusion Injury

Ischemia reperfusion injury has a wide clinical relevance since after reconstructive and transplant procedures it influences the outcome of the graft and patient survival. Impaired arterial blood flow in its classic form results in a extreme imbalance of metabolic supply and demand, causing hypoxia to the tissue. Maybe unexpectedly, restoring blood flow and reoxygenation is generally correlated with tissue injury exacerbation and a profound inflammatory response.     Depending on the clinical environment, tissue may either experience periods of cold or warm ischemia. Cold ischemia usually occurs in transplants, where tissues are flushed and preserved after delivery in ice-cold storage solutions, whereas warm ischemia occurs during revascularization or after organ damage such as stroke or myocardial infarction. The first reference to ischemic injury emerged in the 1960s when it was understood that systemic shock and acidosis accompanied the restoration of blood flow following excessive clamping of major arteries. 

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