Annals of Clinical Trials and Vaccines Research

Infectious Bursal Disease

 Infectious bursal disease is a virus infection, affecting the system of poultry. The disease is extremely contagious, affects young chickens, and is characterised by the destruction of the lymphoid organs, and particularly the bursa of Fabricius, where B lymphocytes mature and differentiate. The target cell of the virus is that the B cell in an immature stage, and therefore the infection, when not fatal, causes an immunosuppression, in most cases temporary, the degree of which is often difficult to determine. Infectious bursal disease (IBD) (Gumboro disease) has been described throughout the earth, and thus the socio-economic significance of the disease is considerable world-wide. Various kinds of the disease are described, but typing remains unclear, since antigenic and pathotypic criteria are used indiscriminately, and thus truth incidence of varied types is difficult to work out. Moreover, the infection, whe n not fatal, results in a degree of immunosuppression which h is usually difficult to live. Finally, the control measures used are subject to variations, and seldom follow a specific or standardised plan. In the context of expanding international trade, the authors provide an summary of existing knowledge on the topic to reinforce available information on the epidemiology of IBD, the identification of reliable viral markers for diagnosis, and therefore the implementation of specific control measures to make sure a worldwide and co-ordinated approach to the disease. For many years, infectious bursal disease (IBD) (Gumboro disease) has constituted a significant problem for the poultry industry, and therefore the recent 're-emergence' of the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in the sort of antigenic variants and hypervirulent strains has been the explanation for significant losses. Direct losses are linked to specific mortality, and depend upon the dose and virulence of the strain, the age and breed of the animals, and therefore the presence or absence of passive immunity. The indirect economic impact of the disease is additionally considerable, thanks to virus-induced immunosuppression and/or potential interactions between IBDV and other viruses, bacteria or parasites. These indirect losses are due to secondary infections, growth retardation and condemnation of carcasses at the slaughterhouse. Moreover, the increased use of antibiotics against secondary infections constitutes a growing public health concern.  

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