Neuroscience and Psychiatry: Open Access

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

 Two species of Lentivirus are the human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV)(a subgroup of retrovirus) that infect humans. They cause the syndrome of acquired immunodeficiency (AIDS), in which a condition is in which is a condition in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive.The virus that causes AIDS is the most advanced level of HIV infection.HIV is a two-type retrovirus: HIV-1 and HIV-2. Both forms are transmitted by direct contact with bodily fluids contaminated with HIV, such as blood, semen, and vaginal fluids, or from a mother who has HIV to her child during pregnancy, labor and delivery, or breastfeeding (through breast milk).HIV is an STD (sexually transmitted disease), and sexual transmission of HIV has been described from men to men, men to women, women to men, and women to women through vaginal, anal, and oral sex.HIV is a sexually transmitted infection (STI). They can also spread by contact with contaminated blood, or during childhood pregnancy, childbirth or breast-feeding.It may take years without medication before HIV weakens your immune system the point that you have AIDS.There's no cure for HIV/AIDS, but medications can dramatically slow the progression of the disease. These drugs have brought down deaths from AIDS in many developed nations.

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