Drug Toxicology Impact Factor
Physicians prescribe
drugs to stop or treat disease. Those self same
drugs are often toxic to certain patients, however, due to genetic predisposition, nonselective action, or inappropriate use or
administration of the drug. The us Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) spends a big portion of its $1 trillion
budget to make sure that new
drugs aren't overtly or unnecessarily dangerous. Moreover, pharmaceutical and
biotechnology companies spend years and many dollars in clinical trials to know the security and inherent toxicity of their drugs. Potential medication up-and-comers regularly bomb because of unsatisfactory degrees of harmfulness in preclinical investigations or in clinical examinations (see Chapter 48, Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development, and Chapter 49, Clinical Drug Evaluation and Regulatory Approval).Despite all of those efforts, even common over-the-counter
drugs like acetaminophen are often lethal (in this case, by causing fulminant hepatitis) if taken in supratherapeutic doses.
It must be recognized that no drug is entirely specific. All
drugs have both primary intended effects and secondary unintended effects, the latter referred to as side effects or ad verse effects. Although side effects are often neutral or maybe beneficial, side effects are typically undesirable. Adverse effects can home in severity from nuisance to life threatening. These effects make many patients unwilling to require
drugs on a daily basis, and this lack of compliance represents a serious practical limitation of pharmacotherapy.
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