Adverse Drug Reactions Open Access Articles

 ADVERSE DRUG reactions (ADRs) play a significant role in day-to-day family practice, yet the effects of drugs often go unrecognized as such, both by the physician and the patient. This oversight often leads to the subsequent use of other drugs to correct a drug-induced disease, and such a response is undoubtedly one of the contributing factors to the polypharmacy problem in medicine today. Much confusion has arisen about the issue of ADRs because their manifestations are so diverse, ranging from minor effects such as slight nausea to serious. Kidney damage, and nerve injury which will impair vision or hearing. Affected people is additionally allergic or supersensitized to the drug due to genetic variations within the way their body metabolizes  or responds to medicine. Adverse effects may be local, i.e. limited to a particular location, or systemic, where medication has caused adverse effects throughout the circulation .For instance, some ocular antihypertensives cause systemic effects,although they're administered locally as eye drops, since a fraction escapes to the circulation . any countries have official bodies that monitor drug safety and reactions. On an international level, the WHO runs the Uppsala Monitoring Centre, and the European Union runs the European Medicines Agency (EMEA). In the us , the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is liable for monitoring post-marketing studies. In Canada, the Marketed Health Products Directorate of Health Canada is liable for the surveillance of marketed health products. In the UK the Yellow Card Scheme was established in 1963.