Peptide Hormones
Peptide
hormones are protein
molecules that have that have endocrine functions in living animals. almost like other
proteins, peptide hormones are synthesized in
cells from amino acids consistent with transcripts of mRNA, which are synthesized from DNA templates inside the nucleus . Pre prohormones, precursors of
peptide hormone, are then processed in many stages, typically within the ER (endoplasmic reticulum), including N-terminal signal sequence removal and sometimes glycosylation, leading to prohormones. These prohormones are then pre-packed into membrane-bound secretary vesicles, which are secreted from the cell through exocytosis in response to specific stimuli (e.g.: a rise in Ca2+ and cAMP concentration in cytoplasm). Pituitary gland secretes several important
peptide hormones. The anterior pituitary gland secretes three
peptide hormones: prolactin, which acts on the mammary gland; adrenocorticotrophic
hormone (ACTH), which acts on the cortex to manage the secretion of Glucocarticoids; and somatotropin, which acts on the liver, bones and muscles. The posterior pituitary gland gland secretes vasopressin, also referred to as
oxytocin and vasopressin.
Peptide hormones are produced by many various organs and tissues, including the guts (atrial-natriuretic
peptide (ANP) or atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)) and pancreas (glucagon, insulin and somatostatin), the alimentary canal (cholecystokinin, gastrin), and fat stores.
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