Journal of Biochemistry Research

Marine- Microbial

Marine microorganisms are defined by their habitat because the microorganisms living a marine environment condition, within the saltwater of a sea or ocean or the brackish water of a coastal estuary. Microbial symbiosis may be a marine creature. A symbiotic relationship between the marine invertebrates and chemoautotrophic bacteria has found of ecosystems, starting from shallow coastal waters to deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Symbiosis is a way to marine organisms to find creative ways to survive in dynamic environment. The symbiotic relationships of organisms have the ability to change behavior, morphology and metabolic pathways. The microalgae provides a large source of the coral diet they are further classified by their dependence on their host and can be a facultative symbiotic that can exist in a free living condition and is not dependent on its host. Or it can be an obligate symbiotic which has adapted in such a way that it is not able to exit without the benefit it receives from its host. In the case of the sponge (phylum Porifera), they are able to host a lot of wide range of microbial communities that can also be very specific. A small proportion of marine microorganisms are pathogenic, causing disease and even death in marine plants and animals. However marine microorganisms recycle the main chemical elements, both producing and consuming about half all organic matter generated on the earth per annum. As inhabitants of the most important environment on Earth, microbial marine systems drive changes in every global system.

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