Genomics Scientific Journal
An organism's complete set of DNA is named its genome. Virtually every single cell within the body contains an entire copy of the approximately 3 billion DNA base pairs, or letters, that structure the human genome. With its four-letter language, DNA contains the knowledge needed to create the whole physical body . A
gene traditionally refers to the unit of DNA that carries the instructions for creating a selected protein or set of proteins. Each of the estimated 20,000 to 25,000 genes within the human
genome codes for a mean of three proteins. Located on 23 pairs of
chromosomes packed into the nucleus of a person's cell, genes direct the assembly of proteins with the help of enzymes and messenger molecules. Specifically, an enzyme copies the knowledge during a gene's DNA into a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA). The mRNA travels out of the nucleus and into the cell's cytoplasm, where the mRNA is read by a small molecular machine called a ribosome, and therefore the
information is employed to link together small
molecules called amino acids within the right order to make a selected protein. Proteins structure body structures like organs and tissue, also as control chemical reactions and carry signals between cells. If a cell's DNA is mutated, an abnormal protein could also be produced, which may disrupt the body's usual processes and cause a disease like cancer.
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