Genome Typing Review Articles
Genome typing is that the simultaneous
genotyping of tens to many marker loci from across the
genome during a single or few experiments. The population-genomics approach of
genome typing followed by testing for outlier loci can identify candidate-selected loci and improve inferences about population demographic and
evolutionary history. Outlier loci (for example, loci with excessively high Fst, Fis or homozygosity excess) can severely bias estimates of population parameters (for example, Fst, migration rates (Nm), population size and phylogeny) if they're not identified and removed before parameter estimation.
Genome typing is becoming increasingly feasible, even in non-model taxa, because of new molecular techniques like DArT (microarrays), gene-targeted AFLP and expressed sequence tag (EST) databases. Improved statistical methodologies like 'summary statistics' will facilitate analyses of huge population-genomic data sets. Statistical tests and software programs for detecting outlier loci and analysing population-genomic data are getting increasingly available; nonetheless, the event and validation of tests and software is that the greatest impediment to the advancement of population-genomic approaches. The population-genomics paradigm can facilitate biodiversity conservation through rapid biodiversity screening, identifying appropriate populations for translocations (to rescue declining populations) and focusing conservation efforts on preserving processes of
evolution (adaptive change).This review focuses largely on non-model organisms, natural populations and biodiversity conservation, and thus complements recent reviews of population-genomic approaches in medical
genomics and
pharmacogenomics in humans and
model organisms.
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