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Cell-physiology

 Cell physiology is that the biological study of the activities that happen during a cell to stay it alive. There are two sorts of cells: prokaryotes and eukaryotes.Prokaryotes were the first of the two to develop and do not have a self-contained nucleus. Their mechanisms are simpler than later-evolved eukaryotes, which contain a nucleus that envelops the cell's DNA and a few organelles. Prokaryotes have DNA located in an area called the nucleoid, which is not separated from other parts of the cell by a membrane. Two unique characteristics of prokaryotes are fimbriae (finger-like projections on the surface of a cell) and flagella (threadlike structures that aid movement). Eukaryotes have a nucleus where DNA is contained. They are usually larger than prokaryotes and contain many more organelles. The nucleus, the feature of a eukaryote that distinguishes it from a prokaryote, contains a nuclear envelope, nucleolus and chromatin. In cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) synthesizes [clarification needed] membranes and performs other metabolic activities. There are two types, rough ER (containing ribosomes) and smooth ER (lacking ribosomes). The Golgi body consists of multiple membranous sacs, liable for manufacturing and shipping out materials like proteins. Lysosomes are structures that use enzymes to break down substances through phagocytosis, a process that comprises endocytosis and exocytosis. In the mitochondria, metabolic processes such as cellular respiration occur. The cytoskeleton is formed of fibres that support the structure of the cell and help the cell move.

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