ISSN: 1758-4272

International Journal of Clinical Rheumatology

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 Osteoporosis is a condition where the bones become thin, fragile, brittle and prone to fractures. Literally, osteoporosis means spongy bones. Bones are made up of minerals, mainly calcium that is bound together by collagen fibers. The bones have a thick hard shell (cortical bone) beneath which a softer honeycomb mesh of bone (trabecular bone) resides.   Bone remodeling is a natural process of replacing old bone tissue with the new one. With progressing age, bone begins to lose a little density. However, in patients with osteoporosis, the bone loss is severe (reduced density) and the holes in the honeycomb mesh become larger (porous), thus bones become weaker and prone to injuries.   Osteoporosis or bone thinning occurs when the bone loss is not adequately resorbed (mineral uptake from blood) to form new tissue. Peak bone mineral density is achieved by the age of 30 years, after which bone remodeling becomes poor, causing more bone tissue lost versus gained. In women, estrogen plays a major role in bone remodeling. Without oestrogen, women lose out more bone cells leading to thinning of the bone. Senile osteoporosis: Age-associated osteoporosis that usually occurs in the people of age above 70 years. In most cases, it is related to hip and vertebral body fractures. Post-menopausal osteoporosis: As the name suggests, it occurs in women after menopause.  

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