Research on Chronic Diseases

AIDS OPEN ACCESS JOUIRNALS

  Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Following initial infection a person may not notice any symptoms, or may experience a brief period of influenza-like illnessTypically, this is followed by a prolonged period with no symptomsIf the infection progresses, it interferes more with the immune system, increasing the risk of developing common infections such as tuberculosis, as well as other opportunistic infections, and tumors which are otherwise rare in people who have normal immune function.These late symptoms of infection are referred to as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDSThis stage is often also associated with unintended weight loss. HIV is spread primarily by unprotected sex (including anal and oral sex), contaminated blood transfusions, hypodermic needles, and from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding.[12] Some bodily fluids, such as saliva, sweat and tears, do not transmit the virus HIV is a member of the group of viruses known as retroviruses Methods of prevention include safe sex, needle exchange programs, treating those who are infected, and pre- & post-exposure prophylaxis.[4] Disease in a baby can often be prevented by giving both the mother and child antiretroviral medication.[4] There is no cure or vaccine; however, antiretroviral treatment can slow the course of the disease and may lead to a near-normal life expectancy.[5][6] Treatment is recommended as soon as the diagnosis is made.[15] Without treatment, the average survival time after infection is 11 years        

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