CONGENITAL NEUROLOGIC ANOMALIES (Brain Malformations)

Corresponding Author:

Centro Medico Teknon, Department of Neurology, Stanford University, United States, E-mail: centromedicoteknon@gmail.com

Abstract

Introduction

The Condition where the brain has not formed when the time of pregnancy. Usually it will occur when the brain has developmental problem. The more the structural problems the more effects. These are very rare and effected to individuals. Some of the Neurological Anomalies are anencephaly, encephalocele, spina bifida. It will occur to the person who is having the gestation period of 3 month and it effects to the neural tube formation, and other related problems are lissencephaly (also called as smooth brain) which it results the neuronal migration, Malformed cerebral hemispheres (The term called as hemispheres which is either large, small, or it may be asymmetric) which is occurred in between 9 to 25 weeks of age for baby in the period of gestation. Hydranencephaly and porencephaly these two that occur on the brain architecture and that forms the small anomalies

Amniocentesis and Ultrasonography (prenatal ultrasonography) that can detect many malformations. In some cases new and fetal MRI techniques are going on increasing and it may be useful too. Proper care and health requirements should be take care because these malformations are having the serious risk to the child.

Prevention

For women who is having the neural tube defect in their fetus, for those they are having high risk and they should take folate supplementation (folate deficiency) this issue is very common ,which results in more intake of malabsorption and we may use various drugs for this type of deficiency. It may occur megaloblastic anemia (simply called as characterized by the large blood cells and that may decrease in the number in the body) these type of anemia occur usually/rare, and those disorders occur when only red blood cells are few. Intake of these supplementations that can reduce the risk for the baby which is having the neural defects and it may reduce 80% of risk to pregnancy women.

Common Symptoms

These symptoms may vary from person to person and depends on the severity and seriousness of the disease. Some of the physical symptoms are

• Loss of Strength and moment (Not able to work)

• Severe Pain

• Cognitive weakness (learning, memory, and attentiveness)

• Loos in Autonomic nervous system control and body functions

• Delayed in growth

Risk factors

There are so many risk factors: Genetic factors, Environmental factors, socioeconomic factors and some infectious factors.

Genetic factors can play an important and vital role; it may occur through inherited genes and genetic codes it may result in changes in genes and that term called as mutations.

One of the rare diseases called Consanguinity (having of common blood) from ancestors, which may increase in the risk of Genetic anomalies and that double the risk of child death in neonatal stage.

Environmental factors may have certain problems like exposure to environment, chemicals, more pollution, and sometimes certain medications , alcohol, radiation during pregnancy may also cause high risk and having fetus or neonatal tube can affected the congenital anomalies.

Some infections like Syphilis and rubella are having significant cause in the congenital anomalies, one of the viruses that cause the microcephaly and other anomalies that virus named as Zika virus. This virus may lead to pregnancy complications such as fetal loss, stillbirth (death or loss of baby before its delivery) and preterm birth (Premature baby; baby birth after the gestational period).

Treatment and Care

It can be cured by pediatric surgery and early treatment to child; delay in disorders can cause many functional problems like sickle cell anemia, blood disorders, and hypothyroidism.