Abstract

Exploring Necrotizing Immune Myopathy: Clinical Features and Immunological Mechanisms in Inflammatory Muscle Disease

Author(s): Peter S. Sander*

Necrotizing immune myopathy (NIM) is a devastating inflammatory muscle disorder characterized by severe muscle weakness and muscle fiber necrosis. The disease is associated with dysregulated immune responses that lead to damage of muscle tissue, often in the context of autoimmune diseases such as polymyositis, dermatomyositis, or overlap syndromes. This article examines NIM from both a clinical and immunological perspective, investigating its pathogenesis, diagnostic challenges, and treatment options. The role of autoantibodies, such as anti-SRP and anti-HMGCR, along with the involvement of T-cell-mediated inflammation and cytokine imbalances, is highlighted as a central aspect of disease progression. Additionally, we explore current and emerging treatment strategies, including immunosuppressive therapies and biologics, which offer promising avenues for improving patient outcomes and managing disease progression. Understanding the underlying immunological mechanisms of NIM is essential to advancing clinical management and developing targeted treatments.