ISSN: 2048-9145

Pharmaceutical Bioprocessing

Toxicology Open Access Journals

Toxicology is a discipline, overlapping with biology, chemistry, pharmacological medicine, and drugs that involve the study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms and therefore the practice of diagnosis and treating exposures to toxins and toxicants. The connection between dose and its effects on the exposed organism is of high significance in toxicology. Factors that influence chemical toxicity embody the dosage, length of exposure (whether it's acute or chronic), route of exposure, species, age, sex, and surroundings. Toxicologists are specialists on poisons and poisoning. There is a movement for evidence-based toxicology as a part of the larger movement towards evidence-based practices.   Medical toxicology is that the discipline that needs medical practitioner status (MD or DO degree and specialty education and experience). The goal of toxicity assessment is to spot adverse effects of a substance. Adverse effects rely on 2 main factors: i) routes of exposure (oral, inhalation, or dermal) and ii) dose (duration and concentration of exposure). To explore dose, substances are tested in each acute and chronic models. Generally, completely different sets of experiments are conducted to see whether or not a substance causes cancer and to examine different sorts of toxicity. Factors that influence chemical toxicity: Dosage Both massive single exposures (acute) and continuous little exposures (chronic) are studied. Route of exposure Ingestion, inhalation or skin absorption Other factors Species Age Sex Health Environment    

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