ISSN: 2044-9038 (Print) 2044-9046 (Electronic)

Clinical Practice

Scientific Journals In Cytogenetics

Cytogenetics is the branch of genetics that studies the structure of DNA within the cell nucleus. This DNA is condensed during cell division and form chromosomes. The cytogenetic studies the number and morphology of chromosomes. Using chromosome banding techniques (classical cytogenetics) or hybridization fluorescently labeled probes (molecular cytogenetics). The number and morphology of chromosomes in a cell of a particular species are always constant, in most cells of the body (with the exception of reproductive cells and others such as the liver). This is a characteristic of each specie; in humans such as the number of chromosomes. Cytogenetics is a branch of pathology and genetics concerned with the study of normal chromosomes and chromosome aberrations. Classical cytogenetics allows microscopic visualization of whole chromosomes in order to assess their number and structure. Molecular cytogenetics uses specialized techniques such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) to evaluate submicroscopic chromosomal regions. Both classical and molecular cytogenetic techniques are used to investigate constitutional and acquired chromosome abnormalities. Most recently, next-generation sequencing has been added to the cytogenetic lab arsenal, to allow exact identification of breakpoints in chromosome rearrangements. Each of these techniques will be discussed in more detail in subsequent sections.    

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