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 The most intractable difficulties are frequently those that are minor but very expensive and hard to treat, i.e. less feasible. Of course, as with all paradigm shifts, expectations must be achieved from both a technical and an operational perspective. Historically, sustainability thoughts have been advanced by engineers as constraints on their designs. For example, hazardous substances produced by a manufacturing process were dealt with as a waste stream that must be contained and treated. The dangerous waste production had to be constrained by selecting certain increasing waste handling facilities, manufacturing types, and if these did not entirely do the job, restraining rates of production. Green engineering identifies that these processes are often inefficient economically and environmentally, calling for a comprehensive, systematic life cycle approach. Green engineering attempts to achieve 4 goals: Materials management Pollution prevention Waste reduction Product  enhancement.

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