Annals of Clinical Trials and Vaccines Research

Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria

 Malaria is one among the life threatening infections caused by protozoan parasite. It is still a major public health concern of most endemic areas of the world. Five human Plasmodium species (Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. knowlesi, and P. malariae) cause malaria infection. The major complications are caused by P. falciparum and P. vivax, with P. falciparum being the more virulent. It is indicated that about 1–3 million mortalities per annum, mainly in children and pregnant women, are thanks to severe malaria caused by P. falciparum. These pathologies are severe anemia, cerebral malaria, and acute respiratory distress. According to WHO/UNICEF report, of all malaria cases in the world, 60% were occurring in Africa. Of the 75% of global P. falciparum malaria cases, 80% mortality is documented within the same region. Although the public health importance of P. vivax is overshadowed by P. falciparum, it's the foremost important parasite in Asia and South America. It accounts for about 390 million clinical cases annually. Apart from these, studies from Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Latine America Guyana, India, and Ethiopia show a robust association of this parasite with severe malaria symptoms. According to President’s Malaria Initiative of Ethiopia, malaria is ranked because the leading disease in Ethiopia, accounting for about 30% of the general disability adjusted life years lost. Approximately 75% of the country is malarious with ∼68% of the total population living in areas at risk of malaria. As reported by Ethiopia’s Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH), in 2009, malaria was the primary explanation for outpatient visits, clinic admissions, and inpatient deaths, accounting for 12% of outpatient visits and 9.9% of admissions. Thus, this study was designed to assess incidence of severe malaria syndromes related to P. falciparum and P. vivax among children in one among the malaria endemic areas in Ethiopia.  

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