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Oryza sativa, commonly referred to as Asian rice, is that the plant species most ordinarily mentioned in English as rice. Cultivated rice may be a grass with a genome consisting of 430Mb across 12 chromosomes. It’s renowned for being easy to genetically modify, and may be a model organism for cereal biology. Oryza sativa contains two major subspecies: the sticky, short-grained japonica or sinica variety, and therefore the nonsticky, long-grained indica rice  variety. Japonica varieties are usually cultivated in dry fields (it is cultivated mainly submerged in Japan), in temperate East Asia, upland areas of Southeast Asia , and high elevations in South Asia, while indica varieties are mainly lowland rices, grown mostly submerged, throughout tropical Asia. Rice occurs during a sort of colors, including white, brown, black, purple, and red rices. Black rice (also referred to as purple rice) may be a range of rice types, a number of which are glutinous rice. Varieties include Indonesian black rice and Thai jasmine black rice. A third subspecies, which is broad-grained and thrives under tropical conditions, was identified supported morphology and initially called javanica, but is now referred to as tropical japonica. samples of this variety include the medium-grain 'Tinawon' and 'Unoy' cultivars, which are grown within the high-elevation rice terraces of the Cordillera Mountains of northern Luzon, Philippines. Glaszmann (1987) used isozymes to sort O. sativa into six groups: japonica, aromatic, indica, aus, rayada, and ashina. Garris et al. (2004) used simple sequence repeats to sort O. sativa into five groups: temperate japonica, tropical japonica and aromatic comprise the japonica varieties, while indica and aus comprise the indica varieties    

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