ISSN: 1758-4272

International Journal of Clinical Rheumatology

Neuropathology Scholarly Peer-review Journal

Neuropathology plays a key role in characterizing the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including kinds of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA). Despite important differences, several genetically diverse kinds of NBIA nevertheless share common features additionally to iron deposition, just like the presence of neuroaxonal spheroids. Multiple sorts of NBIA also demonstrate tau or synuclein pathology, suggesting parallels with both Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. This chapter summarizes what has been learned from the study of human patient tissues. Gross and microscopic findings are delineated, and similarities and differences between sorts of NBIA are presented. Neuropathologic findings often help characterize fundamental features of disease and supply a springboard for more focused hypothesis-driven studies. Lessons learned from neuropathology thus contribute much to the characterization of the molecular mechanisms of disease.Neuropathology should strive to be clinically relevant; perhaps no aspect of HIV pathology is as difficult to grasp because the brains of people who die with profound dementia, yet are barren of discrete abnormalities on the quality,hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections that are the warhorses of diagnostic neuropathology. This has been a uniform feature of the HIV epidemic, from pre-therapeutic to cART eras. However, a scarcity of discrete neuropathology doesn't imply that there's a scarcity of pertinent neurobiology; indeed, a uniform finding has been that in advanced, untreated HIV disease, there are significant abnormalities in neuroimmunity, with myriad biochemical parenchymal abnormalities, inclusive of increased proinflammatory cytokines.    

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