Journal of Pediatric Neurological Disorders

Neuronal Cells Scholarly Peer-review Journal

Neurons (also called neurones or nerve cells) are the elemental units of the brain and systema nervosum , the cells liable for receiving sensory input from the external world. A useful analogy is to consider a neuron as a tree. A neuron has three main parts: dendrites, an axon, and a cell body or soma, which may be represented because the branches, roots and trunk of a tree, respectively. Dendrites branch as they move towards their tips, a bit like tree branches do, and that they even have leaf-like structures on them called spines.The creation of latest neurons within the brain is named neurogenesis, and this will happen even in adults. Axon – The long, thin structure during which action potentials are generated; the transmitting a part of the neuron. After initiation, of every action potentials travel down axons to cause release of neurotransmitter.Dendrite – The receiving a part of the neuron. Dendrites receive the synaptic inputs from axons, with the sum of dendritic inputs determining whether the neuron will fire an nerve impulse .Spine – the tiny protrusions found on dendrites that are, for several synapses, the postsynaptic contact site.Action potential – Brief electrical event typically generated within the axon that signals the neuron as 'active'. An nerve impulse travels the length of the axon and causes release of neurotransmitter into the synapse. The nerve impulse and consequent transmitter release allow the neuron to speak with other neurons.    

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