Carbon Nanotubes

 Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) ar tubes product of carbon with diameters usually measured in nanometers. Carbon nanotubes typically ask single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with diameters within the vary of a micromillimeter. They were discovered severally by Iijima and Ichihashi  and Bethune et al. in arc light chambers just like those accustomed manufacture fullerenes. Single-wall carbon nanotubes ar one in every of the allotropes of carbon, intermediate between atomic number 6 cages and flat graphene. though not created this manner, single-wall carbon nanotubes may be thought of as cutouts from a two-dimensional hexangular lattice of carbon atoms rolled up on one in every of the Bravais lattice vectors of the hexangular lattice to create a hollow cylinder. during this construction, periodic boundary conditions ar obligatory over the length of this roll up vector to yield a lattice with volute symmetry of seamlessly warranted carbon atoms on the cylinder surface.. Carbon nanotubes conjointly typically ask multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) consisting of nested single-wall carbon nanotubes. If not identical, these tubes ar terribly just like Oberlin, Endo and Koyama's long straight and parallel carbon layers cylindrically rolled around a hollow tube. Multi-wall carbon nanotubes are generally accustomed ask double- and triple-wall carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes can even ask tubes with associate degree undetermined carbon-wall structure and diameters but one hundred nanometers. Such tubes were discovered by Radushkevich and Lukyanovich. whereas nanotubes of alternative compositions exist, most analysis has been centered on the carbon ones. Therefore, the "carbon" qualifier is usually left inherent the acronyms, and also the names ar abbreviated nongovernmental organization, SWNT, and MWNT.