Journal of Biochemistry Research

Bioconjugation

 Bioconjugation may be a chemical technique wont to couple two molecules together, a minimum of one among which may be a biomolecule, like a carbohydrate, macromolecule , or protein. Proteins are especially diverse biomolecules thanks to the variability of amino acids available and are thus important substrates in bioconjugation reactions. Bioconjugation reactions play a critical role within the modification of proteins. Because of recent advances in the study of biomolecules, proteins can be modified to perform a variety of functions, including cellular tracking, imaging biomarkers, and target drug delivery.Synthesis and Strategies:Though the chemistry behind conjugation is straightforward , its execution isn't . There are several obstacles which will hinder efficient bioconjugation reactions. For example, because certain aminoalkanoic acid residues are more prevalent than others, some reactions can't be selective and are therefore inefficient. Another obstacle is polar molecules on the surface of proteins that can interfere with a reaction. In addition, selectively modifying more than one site on a protein presents considerable challenges.Classical approaches to protein modification are typically second-order reactions that target side chains of specific amino acids such as cysteine and lysine. Cysteine and lysine side chains contain thiol and amino groups, respectively, which allow them to undergo modification with a wide variety of reagents.   

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