Research on Chronic Diseases

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Online Journals

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is considered the primary passive restraint to anterior translation of the tibia on the femur, and it provides rotational stability to the knee in both the frontal and transverse planes. ACL tears account for up to 64% of athletic knee injuries in cutting and pivoting sports, and these injuries result in 120,000–200,000 ACL reconstructions (ACLRs) performed annually in the United States alone, with a cost of around 1.7 billion US dollars annually. Injuries to the ACL often result in joint effusion, altered knee kinematics and gait, muscle weakness, and reduced functional performance, and they are associated with long term clinical sequelae such as meniscal tears, chondral lesions, and development of early onset posttraumatic osteoarthritis (OA). The ACL is among the most heavily studied anatomic structures in the human body, resulting in a plethora of biomechanical, biologic, and clinical data, driving paradigm shifts in nearly every facet of ACL injury management and prevention. In the following sections, we provide a brief overview of where ACL injury management has been, the driving forces for where it is today, and where it is going.    

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