ISSN: 2044-9038 (Print) 2044-9046 (Electronic)

Clinical Practice

Membrane-Separation Scientific Journals

Membrane separation technologies also are relevant for developments regarding the oxygen plant. While large-scale oxygen production is presently wrapped by the cryogenic air separation process, membrane separation technologies, like ion transport membranes. For example, ITM is reported with a possible CAPEX reduction of the oxygen plant by 25–36% as compared to cryogenic ASU. Apart from membrane developments, the cryogenic ASU as state-of-the-art process for IGCC application is yet optimized regarding flexibility and efficiency. Component improvements (compressor and column design), power, and warmth integration mainly address the reduction of specific power consumption for oxygen production. Thus, optimization is concentrated on enhancing flexibility regarding part-load capability and cargo gradients, aiming at flexible concepts, for instance to shift the facility demand of the ASU between peak-load and off-peak-load periods. Membrane separation techniques are applied to anaerobic digestion systems, and therefore the introduction of membrane techniques to anaerobic bioreactors offers the entire retention of biomass, which ends up in low sludge production, improved effluent quality, and better energy productivity. However, the purpose of studies in this area, in general, seems to be to improve the efficiency of anaerobic digestion (COD removal) and effluent quality rather than biogas production efficiency, although biogas production rates also can be improved as a result of improved anaerobic digestion efficiency.    

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