ISSN: 2041-6792

Clinical Investigation

Chromosome High Impact Factor Journals

A chromosome is a DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecule with portion or all of the genetic material (genome) of an organism. Most eukaryotic chromosomes embrace packaging proteins that are assisted by chaperone proteins, bind and condense the DNA molecule to prevent it from being an unmanageable tangle. This three-dimensional genome structure plays an important role in transcriptional regulation. Chromosomes are usually visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing the metaphase of cell division (where all chromosomes are aligned in the centre of the cell in their condensed form). Before this happens, every chromosome is copied once (S phase), and the copy is joined to the original by a centromere, developing either in an X-shaped structure (pictured here) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is pointed near one of the ends. The original chromosome and the copy are now said to be sister chromatids. During metaphase the X-shape structure is called a metaphase chromosome. In this extremely condensed form chromosomes are quiet easy to distinguish and study. In animal cells, chromosomes reach their highest compaction level in anaphase during chromosome separation. Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and successive sexual reproduction play an important role in genetic diversity. If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may go through mitotic catastrophe. Usually, this will make the cell initiate apoptosis resulting to its own death, but sometimes mutations in the cell hamper this process and thus cause development of cancer.

High Impact List of Articles

Relevant Topics in Clinical