Abstract

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Advances in Pathophysiology and Targeted Therapies

Author(s): Debjani Adhikary*

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by multiorgan involvement and diverse clinical manifestations. Despite significant advancements in understanding its pathophysiology, the exact mechanisms underlying the disease remain elusive. Over the past decade, the focus has shifted from symptomatic treatment to targeted therapies that address the underlying immune dysregulation. This article reviews recent developments in the pathophysiology of SLE, with particular attention to the role of type I interferons, B cell hyperactivity, and immune complex formation. It also examines the latest advances in targeted therapeutic agents, including biologics such as belimumab, and small molecules like Janus kinase inhibitors. Finally, the article discusses the challenges in managing SLE, including the need for personalized treatment approaches and strategies to monitor disease activity.


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