Abstract
Osteonecrosis: Understanding the Disease and Current Approaches to Management
Author(s): Sarah Tansley Tansley*Osteonecrosis (ON), also referred to as avascular necrosis, is a disorder where the bone tissue dies due to a lack of blood flow. While the hip is most commonly affected, osteonecrosis can involve any bone and is associated with various risk factors such as trauma, corticosteroid use, alcohol abuse, and certain systemic diseases like lupus and sickle cell anemia. The condition can lead to chronic pain, functional limitations, and, if left untreated, joint collapse. Timely diagnosis and intervention are crucial in preventing severe damage and preserving joint function. This review comprehensively examines osteonecrosis, covering its pathophysiological mechanisms, risk factors, diagnostic challenges, and current management strategies, including both medical and surgical treatment options. It also explores promising new treatments, such as stem cell therapies and advanced surgical techniques, which hold potential for improving patient outcomes.