Human Genome Scientific Journal
The human
genome is a complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans, encoded as DNA in the cell nuclei of 23
chromosome pairs and in a small DNA molecule contained inside individual mitochondrias. Typically these are classified as the nuclear genome, and the mitochondrial genome, separately. Human genomes include both protein-coding DNA genes and noncoding DNA. Haploid human genomes contained in germ
cells (egg and sperm gamete
cells created during the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction before fertilization form a zygote) consist of three billion DNA base pairs, whereas diploid genomes (found in somatic cells) have twice the DNA content. While the human
genome sequence was (almost) entirely determined by DNA sequencing, it is still not completely understood. A combination of high-throughput experimental and
bioinformatics methods has established most (though certainly not all) genes, but much work still needs to be done to further elucidate the biological roles of their protein and RNA components.
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