Cell Physiology Review Articles

In this we discuss cell culture and physiology. If tissue cultures are to be useful tools for studying animal physiology, they ought to exhibit growth responses to trophic hormones as do the parental tissues in vivo. Cells, whose proliferation is driven by hormones, require them at concentrations greater than those normally found in 100% serum. Additionally, there are many specialized areas of the body where certain hormone concentrations are much above that found within the general circulation. For these reasons, dilute serum can't be expected to supply the perfect, specialized environment required by many sorts of cells and this probably explains why such cells haven't been established in culture using serum-based medium. The utilization of hormone-based media would make it possible to determine cells in culture that haven't been cultured before. General discussions of cell physiology often make the simplifying assumption that cells are surrounded by a more or less uniform cell wall. In fact, there are numerous samples of highly specialized regions, or domains, within the plasma membranes of cells. The foremost dramatic are epithelial cells, which contain distinct apical and basolateral membranes. However, many other cells also exhibit polarity, or asymmetry, including neuronal cells, striated muscle cells, fibroblasts, eggs, yeast, and bacteria. Additionally, this asymmetry is often spatial, like distinct membrane domains, or temporal

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