Breast Carcinogenesis Open Access Articles

Breast cancer is breast cancer that grows from breast tissue. Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in the shape of the breast, skin dimpling, fluid from the nipple or a red scaly skin patch. Bone pain, swollen lymph nodes, shortness of breath or yellow skin may occur in those with distant spread of the disease. Tetraploidy as a phenomenon that occurs at two points of breast carcinogenesis: as an intermediate state, when it is still reversible (as in precancerous stage), or when the tumor reaches a certain size and is on its way to aneuploidy, and genomic instability. It is therefore necessary to differentiate between the healthy, precancerous and the threatening, resulting in tetraploidy of genomic instability. In some cases , genetic susceptibility plays a lesser role. Breast cancer diagnosis is confirmed by taking a biopsy of the lump in question.