Abstract

Advances Of Artificial Intelligence In Health

Author(s): Peter Tendekayi Chingonzo

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to significantly transform the role of the doctor and revolutionise the practice of medicine. This qualitative review paper summarises the past Two years of health research in AI, across different medical specialties, and discusses the current strengths as well as challenges, relating to this emerging technology. Doctors, especially those in leadership roles, need to be aware of how quickly AI is advancing in health, so that they are ready to lead the change required for its adoption by the health system. Key points: ‘AI has now been shown to be as effective as humans in the diagnosis of various medical conditions, and in some cases, more effective.’ When it comes to predicting suicide attempts, recent research suggest AI is better than human beings. ‘AI’s current strength is in its ability to learn from a large dataset and recognise patterns that can be used to diagnose conditions, putting it in direct competition with medical specialties that are involved in diagnostic tests that involve pattern recognition, such as pathology and radiology’. The current challenges in AI include legal liability and attribution of negligence when errors occur, and the ethical issues relating to patient choices. ‘AI systems can also be developed with, or learn, biases, that will need to be identified and mitigated’. As doctors and health leaders, we need to start preparing the profession to be supported by, partnered with, and, in future, potentially be replaced by, AI and advanced robotics systems. The future is now evident by the recent developments of Artificial Intelligence in assisting with Covid 19 Virus diagnosis. There unit of measurement many diseases and there in addition many ways that AI has been used to efficiently and accurately diagnose them. variety of the diseases that unit of measurement the foremost notorious like inherited disease, Associate in Nursingd upset (CVD) that unit of measurement every among the prime ten for causes of death worldwide square measure the concept behind countless the research/testing to help get associate degree correct designation. because of such a high rate being associated with these diseases there square measure efforts to integrate various methods in serving to urge correct diagnosis’. To demonstrate some specifics for malady diagnosis/classification there unit of measurement two utterly totally different techniques used within the classification of these diseases embrace mistreatment “Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and theorem Networks (BN)”. The conclusion that was drawn was that “the early classification of these diseases are achieved developing machine learning models like Artificial Neural Network and theorem Network.” Another conclusion Alic, et al. (2017) was able to draw was that between the two ANN and BN that ANN was higher and can a great deal of accurately classify diabetes/CVD with a mean accuracy in “both cases (87.29 for inherited disease and eighty 9.38 for CVD). An article by Jiang, et al. (2017) demonstrable that there unit of measurement several varieties of AI techniques that square measure used for a variety of varied diseases. variety of those techniques mentioned by Jiang, et al. include: Support vector machines, neural networks, call trees, and lots of a great deal of. each of these techniques is depicted as having a “training goal” so “classifications take into account the outcomes the most quantity as possible". From a review of multiple utterly totally different papers within the timeframe of 2008-2017 observed within them that of the two techniques were higher. Improvements in linguistic communication process crystal rectifier to the event of algorithms to spot drug-drug interactions in medical literature. Drug-drug interactions create a threat to those taking multiple medications at the same time, and also the danger will increase with the quantity of medicines being taken. to deal with the problem of trailing all famous or suspected drug-drug interactions, machine learning algorithms are created to extract info on interacting medication and their doable effects from medical literature. Efforts were consolidated in 2013 within the DDIExtraction Challenge, within which a team of researchers at Andres Martinez III University assembled a corpus of literature on drug-drug interactions to create a consistent take a look at for such algorithms. Competitors were tested on their ability to accurately confirm, from the text, that medication were shown to move and what the characteristics of their interactions were. Researchers still use this corpus to standardize the measuring of the effectiveness of their algorithms. Other algorithms establish drug-drug interactions from patterns in user-generated content, particularly electronic health records and/or adverse event reports. Organizations like the office Adverse Event news System (FAERS) and also the World Health Organization's VigiBase enable doctors to submit reports of doable negative reactions to medications. Deep learning algorithms are developed to take apart these reports and notice patterns that imply drug-drug interactions.