ISSN: 2044-9038 (Print) 2044-9046 (Electronic)

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 Alchemy was developed in Europe within the medieval age and it founded the origin of Modern chemistry. The brilliantly shining color and the almost perfect chemical inertness of gold has attracted men and women as a symbol of eternal power and beauty. It is therefore reasonable that so many people dreamed to produce gold artificially. Even Newton was deeply involved within the chemical synthesis of gold. Due to this history, gold has long been neglected as a component of valuable functions. For example, gold was regarded to be almost inactive as a catalyst and was indeed much less active than palladium and platinum. During the course of synthesizing mixed oxides of gold with base transition metals, I found in 1982 that when gold was coprecipitated with 3d transition metals and calcined at temperatures above 570 K, the mixed oxides exhibit high catalytic activities for CO oxidation even at a temperature as low as 200 K. Later, the mixed oxides were proved by Iijima with a transmission electron microscopy to be composed of hemispherical ultrafine particles of gold attached strongly to the base metal oxide supports. The surprisingly high catalytic activities generated by nanoparticulate gold were introduced as one of the typical examples which could demonstrate the benefit of nanoscience and technology.   

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