Stem -cells

 In multicellular organisms, stem cells are undistinguishable or incompletely discriminated cells that can differentiate into various kinds of cells and divide indefinitely to yield more of the same stem cell. They are the first type of cell in a cell lineage. They are found in both embryonic and adult creatures, but they have slightly different properties in each. They are usually distinguished from progenitor cells, which cannot divide indefinitely, and precursor or blast cells, which are frequently committed to differentiating into one cell type. In mammals, roughly 50–150 cells make up the inner cell mass during the blastocyst phase of embryonic development, around days 5–14. These have stem-cell capability. In vivo, they ultimately differentiate into all of the body's cell types (making them pluripotent). This process starts with the variation into the three germ layers – the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm – at the gastrulation stage. However, when they are insulated and cultured in vitro, they can be kept in the stem-cell stage and are known as embryonic stem cells.

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