Signal Transduction Journal

 Signal transduction (also referred to as cell signaling) is that the transmission of molecular signals from a cell's exterior to its interior. Signals received by cells should be transmitted effectively into the cell to confirm associate degree applicable response. This step is initiated by cell-surface receptors.   Signal Transduction Pathways Transmission is sustained either by a series of organic chemistry changes inside the cell or by modification of the semipermeable membrane potential by the movement of ions in or out of the cell. Receptors that initiate organic chemistry changes will do therefore either directly via intrinsic catalyst activities inside the receptor or by activating intracellular traveler molecules. Signal transducing receptors square measure of 4 general classes: ·         Receptors that penetrate the cell membrane and have intrinsic catalyst activity or square measure protein associated (Enzyme-linked Receptors) ·         Receptors that square measure coupled, within the cell, to G proteins (7-TM Receptors) ·         Receptors that square measure found intracellular and upon substance binding directly alter sequence transcription (Nuclear Receptors) ·         Ligand-gated particle channels The intracellular element of signal transduction is very receptor specific, thereby maintaining the specificity of the incoming signal within the cell. Signal transduction pathways amplify the incoming signal by a sign cascade employing a network of enzymes that act on each other in specific ways that to ultimately generate a certain and applicable physiological response by the cell.