ISSN: 2044-9038 (Print) 2044-9046 (Electronic)

Clinical Practice

Review Articles On Cytokines

Cytokines are a wide and loose category of small proteins relevant in cell signaling. These are peptides and cannot cross the lipid bilayer of cells to join the cytoplasm. Cytokines have been shown to be proved in anticrime, paracrine and endocrine signaling as immunomodulation agents. Their definite perception from hormones is still part of current research. Cytokines include chemokine’s, interferon, interleukins, lymphocytes, and tumor necrosis factors, but mostly not hormones or growth factors. Cytokines are generated by a broad range of cells, introducing immune cells like macrophages, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and mast cells, as well as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and different stromal cells; a given cytokine may be generated by more than one type of cell. They act through cell surface receptors and are specifically effective in the immune system; cytokines adjust the balance between humeral and cell-based immune responses.Cytokines are small secreted proteins released by cells have a specific effect on the interactions and communications between cells. Cytokine is a general name; other names include lymphokine (cytokines made by lymphocytes), monokine (cytokines made by monocytes), chemokine (cytokines with chemotactic activities), and interleukin (cytokines made by one leukocyte and acting on other leukocytes). Cytokines may act on the cells that secrete them (autocrine action), on nearby cells (paracrine action), or in some instances on distant cells (endocrine action).    

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