ISSN: 2044-9038 (Print) 2044-9046 (Electronic)

Clinical Practice

Research Articles In Neurocytology

 There are two major cell types that form the nervous system: the supporting cells and conducting cells. The majority of the organelles seen within these cells are similar to those seen in other tissues. The supporting cells in the peripheral nervous system consist of Schwann cells and fibroblasts. The supporting cells in the central nervous system consist of glia, lining cells of ventricles, the cells that form the meninges, the circulating blood cells, and the endothelial lining of the blood vessels. The supporting cells are constantly being replaced, while the vast majority of the conducting cells/neurons, once formed, remain with us throughout our lives. Neuroglia are the cells related to the neurons within the central systema nervosum . They consist of: 1. Astrocytes Astrocytes are small cells that isolate neurons from each other in order that no two neurons are in touch except at synapses. There are two types: a. Protoplasmic astrocytes ·       Are found in the grey matter ·       Surround and isolate dendrites, cell bodies ·       Contain glial fibrillary acidic (10 nm intermediate filaments) forming their cyotskeleton ·       Often have perivascular feet ending on blood capillaries, and forming a part of endless perivascular sheath b. Fibrous astrocytes · Are found in the white matter (nerve tracts) · Surround and isolate axons from one another · Are small cells with few, long, slightly branched processes · Contain abundant bundles of glial filaments 2. Oligodendrocytes · Small cells with few delicate processes · Have multiple branches that form myelin sheath of several different axons · Do not have a basement membrane separating them from axons

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