ISSN: 2044-9038 (Print) 2044-9046 (Electronic)

Clinical Practice

Pharmacokinetics Research Articles

Pharmacokinetics, derived from the Greek words pharmakon (drug) and kinetikos (movement), is used to describe the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of a compound. Although preclinical studies require the determination of acceptable in vitro activity and pharmacokinetics in at least two animal species, pharmacokinetic studies must be performed in man to correlate blood concentrations with particular biological effects. Knowledge of disposition in vivo is required to tailor modifications in order to eventually derive semisynthetic drugs. Pharmacokinetic studies of natural products are challenging because they typically involve the administration of complex mixtures of substances, in many instances of unknown components. Some Chinese medicines including Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza), Kang-lai-te (Coixlachryma), and Ginkgo bilboa have been evaluated in randomized controlled clinical trials . Many pharmacokinetic parameters, particularly of poisons, have not yet been determined as even in vitro studies are hindered by the extreme toxicity of some poisons, such as palytoxin.Pharmacokinetics refers to the movement of drugs into, through and out of the body. The type of response of an individual to a particular drug depends on the inherent pharmacological properties of the drug at its site of action.Pharmacokinetics uses mathematical equations (models) to describe the time course of ADME of xenobiotics in the body enabling us to better understand, interpret and even predict the nature and the extent of the biological effects (therapeutic or toxic) of xenobiotics.  

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