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A clinical test is merely done when there's good reason to believe that a replacement test or treatment may improve the care of patients. Before clinical trials, tests and treatments are assessed in preclinical research. Preclinical research is not done with people. It assesses the features of a test or treatment. For example, the research may aim to find out if a tool is harmful to living tissue. Another aim may be to learn more about the chemical makeup of a drug. After preclinical research, tests and treatments go through a series of clinical trials. Clinical trials assess if tests or treatments are safe for and work in people. Clinical trials have five phases. The phases are described next using the instance of a replacement drug treatment: Phase 0 Phase 0 trials are the primary clinical trials done among people. They aim to find out how a drug is processed within the body and the way it affects the body. In these trials, a really small dose of a drug is given to about 10 to fifteen people. Phase I Phase I trials aim to seek out the simplest dose of a replacement drug with the fewest side effects. The drug will be tested in a small group of 15 to 30 patients. Doctors start by giving very low doses of the drug to a few patients. Higher doses are given to other patients until side effects become too severe or the desired effect is seen.
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