ISSN: 2044-9038 (Print) 2044-9046 (Electronic)

Clinical Practice

Gene Expression:

  Gene expression is the most basic stage of genetics at which the genotype gives rise to the phenotype, i.e., measurable characteristic. The genetic knowledge contained in DNA reflects the genotype while the phenotype is the product of the knowledge being "interpreted." These phenotypes are also generated via the production of proteins that govern the structure and growth of the cell, which function as enzymes that catalyze different metabolic pathways. All phases in the cycle of gene expression may be modulated (regulated), including the transcription, RNA splicing, translation, and post-translational protein alteration. Gene expression regulation provides influence over the timing , location, and volume of a specific gene product (protein or ncRNA) present in a cell and can have a significant impact on the structure and function of the cells. Gene expression regulation is the foundation for any organism's cellular differentiation, development, morphogenesis and versatility and adaptability. Thus gene control may act as a substratum for evolutionary transition. Genes were often seen as nodes in a network, with inputs being proteins including transcription factors, and outputs being the degree of gene expression. The node itself performs a task, and the action of such functions has been described as conducting a kind of cellular knowledge processing and defines cellular actions. Gene networks may also be built without the clear causal model being developed. It also occurs when integrating networks from broad data sets of speech. Covariation and speech similarity is measured over a wide number of cases and measurements (typically transcriptome or proteome results).  

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